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Roads not more dangerous when cyclists allowed to roll through stop signs, researchers suggest

Oregon State University researchers examined driving and cycling behaviour since a 2019 law saw the state allow cyclists to slow and yield at stop signs, rather than fully stopping as motorists are required to

Researchers in the US state of Oregon have said their work suggests allowing cyclists to roll through stop signs does not have a negative impact on road safety.

The research, the results of which have been published in an at-length piece by Oregon news website OregonLive, was undertaken by researchers from Oregon State University and David S.Hurwitz, the director of the Kiewit Center for Infrastructure and Transportation Research, with input from academics in Idaho and Washington. These are two other states where cyclists are permitted to roll through stop signs, but should yield to other traffic if necessary, rather than always coming to a full stop like motorists and required to.

Dubbed the 'Idaho stop' due to the north-western US state first introducing the yield rule in 1982, Oregon and Washington have followed suit in recent years, with cyclists required to stop at solid red traffic lights but allowed roll through flashing red lights and stop signs legally and not required to come to a complete stop.

> Cyclists could soon be allowed to proceed at red lights as Colorado lawmakers consider bill

The research involved interviews with transport officials, law enforcement and pro-cycling figures, as well as conducting a lab study using a bike attached to a static trainer and set up to a simulator, allowing the researchers to observe people driving and cycling in an urban environment.

And while the researchers were keen to point out a "need for increased awareness" around the rolling stop laws, Hurzwitz told the local news site that "folks should feel reasonably confident that the implementation of these laws is not going to generate significant decreases in safety".

Perhaps proving the education part, 60 per cent of 80 motorists and cyclists involved in the lab study part of the research were unaware of the rolling stop laws. Their behaviour was tracked before and after a seminar on the law, with participants driving or cycling two routes on the real-world simulator, completing another two runs after their educational intermission.

Almost 70 per cent of the driving participants said they worried about cyclist safety at intersections having been told about the law.

Hurwitz noted that having knowledge of the rolling stop law did not mean cyclists suddenly raced through gaps and in front of traffic they should yield to, while he suggested that drivers had increased visual attention of cyclists at the junctions as a result of knowing the law too.

Driving and cycling behaviours either remained the same or improved when people were informed of the law and cyclists "did not contribute to dangerous behaviours" when rolling stops were permitted.

"We look at that as quite a positive outcome," Hurwitz told OregonLive.

The study did note that cyclist speeds at junctions increased when they had knowledge of the rolling stop law, something the researchers said was likely due to being "more comfortable and efficient" at navigating intersections without stopping, something it was noted could make traffic flow more efficient.

However, the researchers did come back to the same point about more education of the law being needed as higher speeds travelling through junctions "could lead to higher crash risks if bicyclists do not yield appropriately".

In 2015, cycling campaigners in London suggested adopting the 'Idaho Stop' at traffic lights would be a cheaper and simpler solution to technology which allows cyclists to turn lights green when they approach.

The comments from Stop Killing Cyclists came after the Danish city of Aarhus announced it would be testing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags attached to a bicycle's front wheel which would communicate with upcoming lights and change them green for cyclists.

While some campaign groups were excited by the prospect of the technology coming to London, Stop Killing Cyclists said: "Whilst well-intentioned, this is a very expensive and slow way of using technology to introduce what effectively is called the Idaho Law.

"This law at very low expense would require cyclists in London to treat red lights as 'yield right of way' signs, allowing them to turn left when there is no traffic or pedestrians. This would benefit drivers also as it would reduce cycling congestion at junctions."

Dan is the road.cc news editor and has spent the past four years writing stories and features, as well as (hopefully) keeping you entertained on the live blog. Having previously written about nearly every other sport under the sun for the Express, and the weird and wonderful world of non-league football for the Non-League Paper, Dan joined road.cc in 2020. Come the weekend you'll find him labouring up a hill, probably with a mouth full of jelly babies, or making a bonk-induced trip to a south of England petrol station... in search of more jelly babies.

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34 comments

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alvinlwh | 2 weeks ago
0 likes

Seriously, does anyone actually stop at a stop sign???

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Oldfatgit replied to alvinlwh | 2 weeks ago
4 likes

Yes.
On my bike.
In my car.
In my artic.

Although, I'm in the UK and might have missed your point

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Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
3 likes

Worth noting, is it not, that although the "Idaho stop" is often quoted in support of allowing cyclists in the UK to run through red lights, that in fact in the states where it applies it allows nothing of the sort, it allows cyclists to slow down at stop lines and then roll through, something that I think most of us do as a matter of course in the UK anyway and I've never heard of a cyclist being sanctioned for it. It doesn't allow for cyclists to ride through solid reds, which is something that advocates for cyclists being allowed to do so in the UK often state or imply is the case.

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OnYerBike replied to Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
1 like

I thought the "Idaho Stop" permitted cyclists to treat red lights as Stop signs, and Stop signs as Yield signs? So cyclists are permitted to proceed through a red light, provided they stop completely first (and obviously assuming it is clear to do so).

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Rendel Harris replied to OnYerBike | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Yes indeed, that's my understanding, I was pointing out that people are in error when they justify cyclists in the UK riding through red lights without stopping as being simply enacting an Idaho stop when in fact to do so they would have to stop first and then proceed through the red. If every cyclist in the UK who wanted to ride through a red light stopped first and checked for pedestrians/traffic it would give a lot less ammunition to the haters, but I hardly ever see people doing that, most red light jumpers just proceed as if the light didn't exist.

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hawkinspeter replied to Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Rendel Harris wrote:

Yes indeed, that's my understanding, I was pointing out that people are in error when they justify cyclists in the UK riding through red lights without stopping as being simply enacting an Idaho stop when in fact to do so they would have to stop first and then proceed through the red. If every cyclist in the UK who wanted to ride through a red light stopped first and checked for pedestrians/traffic it would give a lot less ammunition to the haters, but I hardly ever see people doing that, most red light jumpers just proceed as if the light didn't exist.

It makes sense for cyclists to avoid stopping as it does waste a fair amount of energy to stop and then get back up to speed. It does depend on the layout of the junction, but I encounter a fair few lights that have excellent visibility of other lanes and so stopping wouldn't strictly be necessary (ignoring the actual law of course).

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Rendel Harris replied to hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

hawkinspeter wrote:

It makes sense for cyclists to avoid stopping as it does waste a fair amount of energy to stop and then get back up to speed.

Of course, but that should never be factored into safety considerations, should it? We might as well say that in order to avoid fossil fuel wastage and reduce pollution we'll allow car drivers to ignore red lights if it's clear because the fuel needed to get back up to speed after stopping is significantly more than is used if they just rolled through.

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hawkinspeter replied to Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Rendel Harris wrote:

Of course, but that should never be factored into safety considerations, should it? We might as well say that in order to avoid fossil fuel wastage and reduce pollution we'll allow car drivers to ignore red lights if it's clear because the fuel needed to get back up to speed after stopping is significantly more than is used if they just rolled through.

However, if we want to encourage as many people to cycle as possible, then we should be looking at simple changes that can make a big difference to someone's commute. The best idea is to have separated infrastructure that can bypass the traffic lights, but the cheaper and easier option is to allow cyclists to go through red lights if safe to do so. I don't think we want to encourage more people to drive, so the same argument doesn't really work for drivers, plus it makes little difference to the average driver if they have to brake and accelerate - they're only moving their feet a bit.

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Rendel Harris replied to hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Respectfully, HP, because I nearly always agree with what you say, I very much doubt anyone is put off cycle commuting because they have to stop at traffic lights! There are 34 sets of lights on my 24km (well Mrs H's on which I accompany her) and odds are half will be agin us, stopping for them doesn't put us off one iota (TBH at my age at 5.30AM a chance to have a quick breather is very welcome).

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chrisonabike replied to hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
0 likes

hawkinspeter wrote:

However, if we want to encourage as many people to cycle as possible, then we should be looking at simple changes that can make a big difference to someone's commute. The best idea is to have separated infrastructure that can bypass the traffic lights, but the cheaper and easier option is to allow cyclists to go through red lights if safe to do so.

"Commute" hmm...*

Disagree - not because "it's unsafe" so much but ultimately I think this works against where I hope we get to - mass cycling **.

Essentially sometimes it's not "perfect is the enemy of good enough" but " 'better than now' isn't always the friend of good enough".

For the safest, most convenient public infra designs a) there should be as few rules as necessary and b) the rules should be very clear / self-evident.  Plus the infra should naturally guide behaviour.  (This is what e.g. NL's Sustainable Safety philosophy suggests).

Here's where I think adding more "rules for some but not others" - especially around something fundamental (red light = stop) doesn't take things forward.

If nothing else it is a trigger for some parts of human nature - similar to why people don't like "cyclists" ("they're on the roads but not playing by the rules" / "why don't speed limits apply to them" / "should pay road tax" etc.)

For a transformation (e.g. mass cycling) there may not be a path of "continuous small improvement" - or rather some moves to "better" may lead to us being stuck at some point.  A bit like how the UK's method of improving "road safety" e.g. "move the vulnerable road users out of the way and make it safer for people to go fast in powerful vehicles" may take us to a place of diminishing returns.

*  If someone's already commuting or seriously considering it in the UK this is great ... but I'd suggest they've already overcome a few of the major psychological hurdles in the way of the bulk of the population who don't cycle.  So voluntarily not just driving (or possibly using public transport), being a "cyclist" (other), riding within traffic, putting up with all kinds of other inconveniences.  For this reason I think this "improvement" would only be "tempting" for a rather limited audience.

** I think it's possible in the UK but a very tall ask.  I doubt it could occur within my lifetime (even though I hopefully have some decades left) although locally significant changes are possible within a rather short time.

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wtjs replied to Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
0 likes

people are in error when they justify cyclists in the UK riding through red lights without stopping

The main justification for cyclists passing traffic lights at red is that when motorists do it, the police ignore the offence on the grounds that 'everyone does it'. DA21 SWW went on the pass these red lights at speed, and Lancashire Constabulary will ensure that he suffers no penalty. At least cyclists can judge the safety aspects better, because they're usually the ones who could be KSI'd

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cyclisto replied to Rendel Harris | 2 weeks ago
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Are you sure about it? In Wikipedia it says red light is a stop sign for cyclists, and it is justified, beyond obvious cyclist promotion reasons, by the fact that  induction loops for car detection at traffic lights designed for motor traffic, will not detect cyclists.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_stop

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Psi Squared | 2 weeks ago
3 likes

12 states over here have some version of the Idaho Stop law.  A study a couple of years ago found that in every one of those states, the number of car vs. cyclist crashes at intersections went down.

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mitsky replied to Psi Squared | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

"... the number of motorist vs. cyclist crashes at intersections went down."

http://rc-rg.com

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cyclisto | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

Bear in mind that american cars often have huge hoods, meaming that in stop signs the drivers may have reduced visibility. A cyclist will have much better visibility, unobstructed from car A-pillars so a rolling cyclist at stop signs may have better visibility than a stopped car driver.

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Hirsute replied to cyclisto | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

"As cars and trucks get bigger and taller, lawmakers look to protect pedestrians"

That's against my constitutional rights !

https://www.npr.org/2024/08/23/nx-s1-5084276/pedestrian-protection-bill-...

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hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
7 likes

Can we get some of those enlightened pro-cycling laws over here please?

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Andrewbanshee replied to hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Ha, you have to be kidding. The lawmakers of the UK are so convinced that they know better than any other country that has decades of experimentation and improvement, they simply go ahead and invent the square wheel. Look at cycling infra in general in countries that has significant numbers of people cycling compared to UK cycling infra. The Uk even manage to cock up roundabouts mainly because the designers desparately want to keep 'traffic' moving over tha safety of 'others'.

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chrisonabike replied to Andrewbanshee | 2 weeks ago
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What works works ... although I am (probably irrationally) suspicious of "improvements" which come from places like the US where the philosophy and culture around transport are even further towards "cars" *.

Going the other way (UK compared with e.g. NL) we do appear to suffer from "not invented here".  So "reinvent" things and degrade them - or even miss the original point.

I think you're right that overall it's the philosophy / thought process / implicit assumptions which really mess it up **.  Your characterisation is a little unfair - our engineers, planners and councillors / politicians are trained / elected and obliged (for support, funding, or maybe legally) to maximise motor traffic flow.  That is not "at the expense of safety" exactly - they may have some responsibility there.  However adding "safety" features which make things unusably inconvenient for vulnerable road users isn't an issue.  Plus the small numbers of those users (who know "it's up to them to watch out") means don't have to think very carefully on this aspect.

* While I'm cautious about US exceptionalism they do have some patterns in the built environment which are e.g. prevalent there but much less so here.  Though they do still have very similar environments in places.

** We do apparently have some rules which may get in the way of simple "just copy that" - which isn't to say we couldn't change the rules.  The Ranty Highwayman is often good at checking the ins and outs of that for particular designs.

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chrisonabike | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

Cycle infra - "build" cheap, build twice (if we're lucky...)

Not the worst example but things which may rely on motorists and pedestrians "looking out for cyclists" are ... questionable. Particularly in the UK.

Here's a better way:

Red light simply doesn't apply to separate cycle path:
https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2012/10/25/cycling-past-red-lights-it...

Smarter light phasing with detection of approaching traffic, not just detection at lights:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=knbVWXzL4-4

Cycle routes that don't need traffic lights because cycle routes have a separate network:
https://www.aviewfromthecyclepath.com/2014/02/every-traffic-light-in-ass...

... eg. they are independent of the major roads, even though they may use the same corridor:
https://therantyhighwayman.blogspot.com/2024/05/go-dutch-2024-part-4-int...

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MrTom | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Hi pal could we please do a article on the affected state of safety on the road and pathway along all public walkways? Most delivery riders don't have a helmet on and have never done a skills test on electric bikes so how are we going to ensure that the safety of the public and the cyclists are ensured at all times?

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hawkinspeter replied to MrTom | 2 weeks ago
11 likes
MrTom wrote:

Hi pal could we please do a article on the affected state of safety on the road and pathway along all public walkways? Most delivery riders don't have a helmet on and have never done a skills test on electric bikes so how are we going to ensure that the safety of the public and the cyclists are ensured at all times?

Most delivery riders that I see are riding unlicensed electric motorbikes that are modified bicycles. The standard road licensing laws already cover them, but the police don't want to crack down on them as they're less dangerous than licensed motorists in cars.

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chrisonabike replied to MrTom | 2 weeks ago
2 likes

And the safety of the road and pathway along all public walkways - millions of drivers are not insured, over half a million unlicensed vehicles are being driven each year, plenty are intoxicated, lots have never done a driving test or are banned (37,500 caught in 2023) on highly powered heavy motor vehicles which I see them driving there every day despite it being illegal so how are we going to ensure the safety of the public...

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chrisonabike replied to MrTom | 2 weeks ago
5 likes

We could definitely do with getting serious about the illegal electric motorbikes on our streets, and the delivery sector as a whole could use some muscular law-making (especially the "they're not employees" food delivery companies).

To ensure the safety of the public though? Start by looking at where the danger is coming from, I'd suggest.

https://robertweetman.wordpress.com/2017/09/09/just-one-year/

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wtjs replied to chrisonabike | 2 weeks ago
5 likes

We could definitely do with getting serious about the illegal electric motorbikes

We could do with it, but we won't get it- not without a complete new set of police forces. Last night I was at 'Ride the Lights' at Blackpool. There were numerous un-pedalled illegal electric motorbikes (although fewer than last year, owing to the rain) travelling in gangs at discordant speeds and zooming in and around all the children, going past all the uninterested police and PCSOs.

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Hirsute replied to chrisonabike | 2 weeks ago
1 like

I came across a tweet about an electric unicycle yesterday and thought 'how the hell does that work'  ( HP ?) only to find they should be called Private Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs).

//personalelectrictransport.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Inmotion-V14-50S-PET-London-1-540x540.jpg)

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chrisonabike replied to Hirsute | 2 weeks ago
0 likes

Have seen a few monowheels about which looked ... not as safe as Segways and in the "electric scooter" bracket.  But as usual "progress has occured" because selling stuff and I think "single wheel motorbike" is probably the phrase.  (I suspect this is going to be niche.  Well, maybe I hope it is, despite as usual wanting to try...)

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hawkinspeter replied to Hirsute | 2 weeks ago
1 like

Hirsute wrote:

I came across a tweet about an electric unicycle yesterday and thought 'how the hell does that work'  ( HP ?) only to find they should be called Private Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs).

The principle is simple enough. It needs some kind of tilt sensor and if it's starting to fall forwards, then put more juice into going forwards and if it's starting to fall backwards, then slow down the wheel a bit.

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chrisonabike replied to hawkinspeter | 2 weeks ago
0 likes

That is presumably the simplified Segway specification, but unicycles can fall laterally also - or like bikes is that managed by the rider ?  (EDIT apparently so)

(Also I imagine they gain lateral stability as the wheel picks up speed, and of course you can then steer into falls for stability)?

For the smaller types of electric unicycle* where you're stood up presumably control is also easier as there's a longer inverted pendulum e.g. you can move your own bodyweight more effectively / with longer lever?

Curious but not terribly tempted (even though they're touted as the pinnacle of transport energy efficiency for low-speed applications in some places)...

* I was incorrect before - apparently "monowheel" properly refers to the pictured amusing machine.  I meant the smaller electric unicycles with no seat e.g. you're just stood on foot rests. Personal transporter?  Aargh I fell into the rabbit hole!

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hawkinspeter replied to chrisonabike | 2 weeks ago
1 like

chrisonabike wrote:

That is presumably the simplified Segway specification, but unicycles can fall laterally also - or like bikes is that managed by the rider?  (Also I imagine they gain lateral stability as the wheel picks up speed)?

For the smaller types of monowheel where you're stood up presumably control is also easier as there's a longer inverted pendulum e.g. you can move your own bodyweight more effectively / with longer lever?

Curious but not terribly tempted (even though they're touted as the pinnacle of transport energy efficiency for low-speed applications in some places)...

I'd guess that lateral stability is a job for the rider as the unicycle has no way to impart lateral force as far as I can see.

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