You hear it all the time, especially on the internet: cyclists should ride in the cycle lane. You might have had motorists yelling the same thing at you out on the road, or honking their horn (breaking Rule 112 of The Highway Code) and pointing at the cycle lane. What’s the truth?

Let’s see what The Highway Code has to say. Remember, not all of the rules in the Code are legal requirements but, as the RAC points out, even if they aren’t specifically backed up in law, its advice can be used as evidence in court, particularly when establishing liability.

Cycle lanes - 4.jpg
Cycle lanes - 4 (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

As per Rule 61: “Cycle lanes are marked by a white line (which may be broken) along the carriageway (see Rule 140). Use facilities such as cycle lanes and tracks, advanced stop lines and toucan crossings (see Rules 62 and 73) where they make your journey safer and easier. This will depend on your experience and skills and the situation at the time. While such facilities are provided for reasons of safety, cyclists may exercise their judgement and are not obliged to use them.”

Cyclist not using cycle lane video
Cyclist not using cycle lane video (Image Credit: Facebook/Rochdale Crime)

So there, despite what some people might claim as they angrily pass cyclists or type furiously on the internet, The Highway Code makes it very clear — cyclists aren’t obliged to use cycle lanes

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Cycle lanes - 6 (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

Surely, though, it’s better all round for those on bikes to make use of cycle lanes when they are provided? It helps us cyclists by giving us our own space and it allows motor vehicles to flow more freely, right?

Well, it’s not always the best option. The key bit here is The Highway Code advising cyclists to use them “where they make your journey safer and easier”.

What if the cycle lane is full of debris that could to cause a puncture? Cycle lanes are usually positioned on the far left of the road and the camber means that everything that lands on the main carriageway eventually ends up there… grit, stones, bits that have fallen out of skips, the lot.

We’re not saying it’s common but we’ve even seen glass from a road traffic incident being swept from the middle of the carriageway onto the cycle lane and left there, as if that means it has been cleared.

Queensferry Road, Edinburgh, "appalling" bike lane
Queensferry Road, Edinburgh, "appalling" bike lane (Image Credit: @livia_edin/Twitter)

Likewise, what about in autumn if the cycle lane has become a slippery mess of leaves and puddles? In both these cases the bike lane has not made your journey safer and easier. Some cycle lanes are dotted with slippery drain covers because of their positioning and they can be full of obstructions like bins left out to be emptied, temporary road signs and parked cars.

Shinfield Road cycle lane puddle, Reading
Shinfield Road cycle lane puddle, Reading (Image Credit: Toni Livingstone)

Then there’s the design of many poorer cycle lanes which, for an experienced road cyclist, are simply going to be far slower to use, compared with staying on the road. Some badly designed lanes, for example, might force riders to stop altogether to rejoin the road at the end of the route, or ride on a surface worse than the road, or ride right next to parked cars where a door might open at any second (going against Rule 67’s advice to leave at least a metre when passing parked cars).

So I guess what we’re getting at is that there are a whole host of reasons why that cycle lane might not make a particular cyclist’s journey safer or easier, in which case choosing not to use it is, as we’ve established, completely fine.

That won’t be a binary decision for all cyclists. The Highway Code points out, “This will depend on your experience and skills and the situation at the time”. Yes, a less experienced cyclist riding to the shops might find a slightly bumpy bike lane with give way points safer and easier than riding on the road. But, an experienced road cyclist travelling at faster speeds on skinnier tyres, might not. It’s going to be subjective from rider to rider.

It’s widely accepted that cycling infrastructure needs to be built with beginners in mind. Design routes for the people who currently don’t cycle but would if you offered them a safe and accessible route. It’s a sensible approach and one that’s benefits are obvious when you visit somewhere like London and see a whole new wave of people getting around by bike and using newly built cycle lanes. 

Cyclist in London Camden cycle lane
Cyclist in London Camden cycle lane (Image Credit: Simon MacMichael)

However, cyclists are a varied species and whether a cycle lane makes your journey safer and easier will, as The Highway Code rightly points out, be very much dependent on your experience (and bike choice, might we add as, after all, tyre width will make some surfaces more manageable than others). 

Road cyclists riding a bike for sport and leisure are likely to be travelling at faster speeds than people riding a bike for transport or errands, so many shared-use-style segregated cycle lanes may actually end up making a journey more difficult when you factor in slowing down to access the route and rejoining the road later on.

That’s fine though. The infrastructure isn’t designed for those of us who enjoy smashing out the miles at the weekend, but just bear that in mind the next time you see (or more likely hear) someone getting angry about someone cycling at 30km/h on the road when there’s a slower cycle lane provided.

Rule 140 of The Highway Code has been heavily revised in the latest version that took effect a few years ago, the aim to afford greater protection to cyclists.

It says: “Cycle lanes are shown by road markings and signs. You MUST NOT drive or park in a cycle lane marked by a solid white line during its times of operation. Do not drive or park in a cycle lane marked by a broken white line unless it is unavoidable. You MUST NOT park in any cycle lane whilst waiting restrictions apply.

Byres Road cycle lane
Byres Road cycle lane (Image Credit: @FietserGlasgow on Twitter/X)
Byres Road cycle lane, by @FietserGlasgow on Twitter/X

“You should give way to any cyclists in a cycle lane, including when they are approaching from behind you – do not cut across them when you are turning or when you are changing lane (see Rule H3). Be prepared to stop and wait for a safe gap in the flow of cyclists before crossing the cycle lane.

Cyclist riding past Belfast cycle lane blocked by parked cars for government cycle to work video
Cyclist riding past Belfast cycle lane blocked by parked cars for government cycle to work video (Image Credit: Department for Infrastructure)

“Cycle tracks are routes for cyclists that are physically protected or located away from motor traffic, other than where they cross side roads. Cycle tracks may be shared with pedestrians.

“You should give way to cyclists approaching or using the cycle track when you are turning into or out of a junction (see Rule H3). Be prepared to stop and wait for a safe gap in the flow of cyclists before crossing the cycle track, which may be used by cyclists travelling in both directions.

“Bear in mind that cyclists are not obliged to use cycle lanes or cycle tracks.”

There’s a distinction in The Highway Code between ‘Must/Must not’ instructions which are legal requirements, and ‘should/should not’ and ‘do/do not’ rules which are advisory. That means that motorists are only advised not to park in a cycle lane marked by a broken white line.

Cycle lanes - 8.jpg
Cycle lanes - 8 (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

Even if there’s just the occasional parked car, you’ll need to leave the cycle lane and perhaps move back into traffic that’s travelling at a faster speed. You might feel safer staying out of the cycle lane completely.

Cars parked in cycle lane outside BRI, Bristol
Cars parked in cycle lane outside BRI, Bristol (Image Credit: Toni Livingstone)

Another reason for not using a cycle lane on the left of the road is that it isn’t always convenient if you’re soon going to turn right or need to be in the right lane. Staying in the cycle lane might leave you needing to cross multiple lanes of traffic.

You might also sometimes find traffic turning left across your path without noticing you. The risk of getting sideswiped is one of the most common objections to using some cycle lanes.

A recent study published in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention found that, far from protecting cyclists, painted cycle lanes are likely to result in closer passes from motorists. If you’ve had similar experiences, you’re perfectly entitled to skip the cycle lane.

Prince  of Wales Road, Norwich (via Norwich Cycling Campaign).PNG
Prince of Wales Road, Norwich (via Norwich Cycling Campaign) (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

There’s also the fact that some cycle lanes are simply – what’s the word? – crap. They’re filled with obstacles – street signs, bollards, trees and the like – they’re so narrow that it’s impossible to overtake, and they end abruptly.

Cycle lane manhole
Cycle lane manhole (Image Credit: Twitter)

Some cycle routes impede progress by requiring cyclists to give way to side roads frequently and even to dismount at certain junctions. It’s far easier and quicker to steer clear of many.

London Cycle Lane Trees
London Cycle Lane Trees (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

If you use a cycle lane you’ll have to rejoin the rest of the traffic at some point. This is usually straightforward enough but sometimes the junction at the far end has been poorly designed so you might want to avoid it by not taking the cycle lane in the first place.

Cycle lanes - 7.jpg
Cycle lanes - 7 (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

You’ll often hear complaints that cyclist don’t use “perfectly good cycle paths”. The issue is that a cycle path existing and a cycle path being perfectly good are two different things. They’re sometimes footways that have been converted by having little blue shared-use signs added, they’re full of pedestrians, they’re narrow and poorly surfaced, they yield at every junction and they sometimes disappear entirely.

Bus stop in cycle lane, Preston Park, Brighton
Bus stop in cycle lane, Preston Park, Brighton (Image Credit: Farrelly Atkinson)

We’ve only pointed out the negative aspects of cycle lanes here, naturally, because we’re explaining why cyclists don’t always use them (and, of course, it’s always easy to criticise). The truth is that many fulfil a purpose.

If you feel safer in a cycle lane, you think it’s better for your purposes, or you reckon that, as a matter of courtesy, using one will help the flow of motor vehicles on the road, then go for it. Riding in a cycle lane is often the most sensible option but, despite what others might insist, it’s completely up to you.