Take performance-enhancing drugs in Germany and you could go to jail for up to three years under a new law set to come into effect next year.

German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière presented a draft of the law — simply titled the Anti-Doping Act — at a recent press conference in Berlin where he said: "The aim of the law is to preserve the integrity of sport and to combat doping."

Athletes who fail both A and B tests for doping substances would be liable to prosecution under the new law, and possession of any quantity of doping substance would also be punishable.

Herr de Maizière told German news channel N24 that he was planning a "wide-reaching law of a type that does not exist internationally".

In particular, the law is aimed at ensuring state-funded  athletes are clean.

"If we support elite sport with tax with tax-payers' money then the taxpayer has a right to demand that it happens fairly," he told N24.

Athletes who use performance-enhancing drugs are perpetrators, not victims, the minister said. Those who intentionally use doping agents are the main beneficiaries, since they derive financial benefit from their fraud. The new law will not go after organised doping such as existed at Lance Armstrong's US Postal and Discovery Channel teams, though.

"We may yet punish those behind the scenes," said Herr de Maizière. "We have to now have an offense with which to punish the elite athletes themselves who are the beneficiaries."

At the press conference announcing the draft law, Herr de Maizière and Justice Minister Heiko Maas said one group of doping enablers will be targeted by the new law: doctors who supply doping products will be liable for prison terms of up to 10 years if they put "the health of a large number of people at risk".

Herr Maas said the law was a milestone in the fight against doping, and the move was welcomed by anti-doping authorities.

"This is a clear step in the right direction. It is a clear sign of clean sport," said the chairman of the National Anti-Doping Agency, Andrea Gotzmann.

The president of the World Anti-Doping Agency, Craig Reedie, said: "This law is going in the right direction. I can see no reason why sporting courts and national laws cannot coexist."