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Was South Yorkshire Police right not to follow West Midlands Police’s ‘close pass’ initiative? We look at the numbers

Force said not enough cyclists were dying on the roads it polices to justify adopting the approach – but including serious injuries paints a different picture

Analysis by road.cc of government road casualty statistics has found that the number of cyclists killed or seriously injured on South Yorkshire’s roads each year is higher, per million inhabitants, than it in the West Midlands. The respective areas’ police forces have a markedly different approach, however, to dealing with drivers who endanger people on bikes.

We decided to drill down into the statistics after South Yorkshire Police said in December it does not intend to follow West Midlands Police’s widely praised Operation Close Pass because not enough cyclists are killed on the roads it polices to warrant adopting the approach.

> South Yorkshire Police says no to close-pass initiative – cites low number of cyclist fatalities in the region

Responding to an enquiry from campaign group Cycle Sheffield, South Yorkshire Police said: “Clearly one death per year is one too many, however, deaths involving cyclists in South Yorkshire are nowhere near the levels that they are in the West Midlands or other parts of the country.”

When it comes to fatalities alone, they’re correct. In South Yorkshire, six cyclists lost their lives between 2011 and 2015, an average of just over one a year, while in the West Midlands, there were 20 deaths, with four a year on average.

But looking just at incidents where someone has lost their life can be misleading, not least because of the small sample sizes. It also ignores people who have sustained what can often be life-changing injuries.

So what we focus on instead at road.cc when we look at road traffic casualty statistics is the number of people who were killed or seriously injured, which gives a much more meaningful sample size.

For this article, we analysed data for the most recent five years for which statistics, compiled from police STATS19 reports of individual incidents, have been published by the Department for Transport (DfT).

The definition of “serious injury” employed by the DfT is:

... one which does not cause death less than 30 days after the accident, and which is in one (or more) of the following categories:

(a) an injury for which a person is detained in hospital as an in-patient

or (b) any of the following injuries (whether or not the person is detained in hospital): fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushings, severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock requiring treatment

or (c) any injury causing death 30 or more days after the accident.

In the West Midlands, there were a total of 500 KSIs during the period 2011-15, giving an average of 100 a year. For South Yorkshire, the figure was 267, equating to just under 56 a year.

It’s impossible to come up with a figure for the aggregate distance collectively cycled in each area, which would allow us to calculate a casualty rate, although we suspect there wouldn’t be a huge variation between them.

What we can do, however, is put those KSI statistics in the context of the respective areas’ populations.

Based on an estimated population in 2014 of 2.81 million, there was an annual average of 36 KSIs per million people in the West Midlands from 2011-15.

For the same period, in South Yorkshire, where the 2014 population is estimated at 1.34 million, cyclist KSIs stood at 42 per million people.

In its response to Cycle Sheffield, South Yorkshire Police said that while Operation Close Pass “has been well received in the West Midlands and is a good approach to tackling a key priority, this needs to be balanced against priorities that are force specific.

“The main cohorts in relation to road deaths or serious injuries in South Yorkshire are centred on pedestrians and car users – drivers or passengers – where SYP have seen a continual rise over the past two years,” they added.

We therefore analysed the data to find out what percentages cyclists account for in total road traffic KSIs in each area, and discovered little difference between them.

In South Yorkshire, cyclists made up 11.6 per cent of total KSIs from 2011-15, while in the West Midlands, the figure was 11.4 per cent, which dismisses any suggestion that reducing cyclist KSIs as a proportion of those of all road users is more of a priority for West Midlands Police.

This Thursday, West Midlands Police is hosting a workshop in Birmingham regarding Operation Close Pass, and South Yorkshire Police said last month that some of its officers “are looking to attend.”

Forces elsewhere including North Wales Police have already replicated the West Midlands initiative, as have Metropolitan Police Officers in Camden, north west London, with Green Party London Assembly Member Sian Berry calling last week for it to be rolled out across the capital.

> Green London Assembly member calls for close-pass initiative to be rolled out London-wide

Simon joined road.cc as news editor in 2009 and is now the site’s community editor, acting as a link between the team producing the content and our readers. A law and languages graduate, published translator and former retail analyst, he has reported on issues as diverse as cycling-related court cases, anti-doping investigations, the latest developments in the bike industry and the sport’s biggest races. Now back in London full-time after 15 years living in Oxford and Cambridge, he loves cycling along the Thames but misses having his former riding buddy, Elodie the miniature schnauzer, in the basket in front of him.

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20 comments

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martib | 7 years ago
1 like

Wiltshire Police did a Cycle Safety campaign last year, it started out by telling people what to take on a ride including Gel's???, Water etc. It was all the usual victim blaming stuff, until a few people started commenting. Hardly anything was targetted at drivers and giving cyclists space and why they need it. One of our towns CPT priorities for the next 6 months is pavement cycling.

It doesn't come as a surprise as I have been close passed by Wiltshire Police vehicles twice in the last year (neither on blue lights) and a few weeks ago got close passed by a car, as it avoided a Wiltshire Police car coming the other way, needless to say the Police Officer did nothing.

We have had a number of fatal incidents (not cyclists) on the surrounding main roads and Wiltshire Police & the PCC seem either incapable or reluctant to actually carry out any major traffic enforcement to clamp down on the idiot drivers who belt around just extracting the urine. They seem more interested in focusing on high profile vanity projects, that affect a few or unlikely to happen, rather than clamping down on things that actually threaten peoples lives on a day to day basis.

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alansmurphy | 7 years ago
3 likes

I have yet to be killed riding my bike, probably.

 

I have yet to have a SI.

 

I will not appear in the KSI stats.

 

At over 6 feet tall and 13 stone riding with helmet (steady) a reflective coat and at least 3 lights visible from the rear and the same from the front, I was knocked off my bike twice by drivers last year. Once I knew it was coming as on the approach to the roundabout the driver was aiming for a line that wasn't there and once by a woman that had seen me but decided her McDonald's was more important.

 

It doesn't need to be about KSI's - how many millions of incidents are there where we just "get lucky" and how many of us think there's a good chance that this luck will inevitably run out at some point. The close pass initiative is a good start though one of the punishments should be to sit them on a bike and repeat their driving, see how they feel.

 

I reckon they should rebadge it "set off earlier, drive slower, have consideration, your shopping isn't that important, you self-obsessed selfish knob jockey".

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martib replied to alansmurphy | 7 years ago
0 likes

alansmurphy wrote:

It doesn't need to be about KSI's - how many millions of incidents are there where we just "get lucky" and how many of us think there's a good chance that this luck will inevitably run out at some point. The close pass initiative is a good start though one of the punishments should be to sit them on a bike and repeat their driving, see how they feel.

 

I reckon they should rebadge it "set off earlier, drive slower, have consideration, your shopping isn't that important, you self-obsessed selfish knob jockey".

Agreed it is about peoples attitude to other road users, cars are safer, people driving them feel safer and therefore take more risks. It does not matter how visible you are and in the majority of cases drivers have seen you, however some are too impatient or think they have a god given right to the road, it is those who need their attitudes changing and the only way it will happen is in some cases when they unfortunately hit someone or by a person with blue flashing light saying you have been a naughty boy/girl and if they constantly do it, then remove their privilige to operate a vehicle that can potentially kill.

We live in a society now a days where we have too many self important bullies behind the wheel of a vehicle, who get away with bullying other road users and not just cyclists but other drivers and pedestrians too. They are the ones who need reigning in or banning from the roads.

 

Avatar
martib replied to alansmurphy | 7 years ago
0 likes

alansmurphy wrote:

It doesn't need to be about KSI's - how many millions of incidents are there where we just "get lucky" and how many of us think there's a good chance that this luck will inevitably run out at some point. The close pass initiative is a good start though one of the punishments should be to sit them on a bike and repeat their driving, see how they feel.

 

I reckon they should rebadge it "set off earlier, drive slower, have consideration, your shopping isn't that important, you self-obsessed selfish knob jockey".

Agreed it is about peoples attitude to other road users, cars are safer, people driving them feel safer and therefore take more risks. It does not matter how visible you are and in the majority of cases drivers have seen you, however some are too impatient or think they have a god given right to the road, it is those who need their attitudes changing and the only way it will happen is in some cases when they unfortunately hit someone or by a person with blue flashing light saying you have been a naughty boy/girl and if they constantly do it, then remove their privilige to operate a vehicle that can potentially kill.

We live in a society now a days where we have too many self important bullies behind the wheel of a vehicle, who get away with bullying other road users and not just cyclists but other drivers and pedestrians too. They are the ones who need reigning in or banning from the roads.

 

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brooksby | 7 years ago
0 likes

Councils and police forces often justify inaction with "well, nobody (or not enough people) has been killed here".  God forbid that we make changes so nobody does...

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ChairRDRF | 7 years ago
5 likes

First a slight correction - the training day which 18 police services are sending to in Birmingham is on Friday, not Thursday. I am privileged to have been asked to make some introductory remarks  at the beginning of the day.

With regard to the issue of how many cyclists are reported Killed and Seriously Injured: while KSIs are related to close passing, a key reason justifying this kind of policing has been that cyclists (and those thinking of cycling) experience it as intimidatory and a problem in itself whether or not injury or death occurs. West Midlands Police have made it clear that when they started "Give Space: Be Safe" a key justification was that potential cyclists are put off cycling by seeing or hearing about close passing .  The point is that cyclist KSI numbers is only part of the justification for this kind of law enforcement.

For the story behind this policing and why the Road Danger Reduction Forum gave a special award to West Midlands Police, see:

https://rdrf.org.uk/2016/11/22/a-new-dawn-in-policing-to-prevent-danger-...

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ianrobo replied to ChairRDRF | 7 years ago
0 likes

ChairRDRF wrote:

First a slight correction - the training day which 18 police services are sending to in Birmingham is on Friday, not Thursday. I am privileged to have been asked to make some introductory remarks  at the beginning of the day.

With regard to the issue of how many cyclists are reported Killed and Seriously Injured: while KSIs are related to close passing, a key reason justifying this kind of policing has been that cyclists (and those thinking of cycling) experience it as intimidatory and a problem in itself whether or not injury or death occurs. West Midlands Police have made it clear that when they started "Give Space: Be Safe" a key justification was that potential cyclists are put off cycling by seeing or hearing about close passing .  The point is that cyclist KSI numbers is only part of the justification for this kind of law enforcement.

For the story behind this policing and why the Road Danger Reduction Forum gave a special award to West Midlands Police, see:

https://rdrf.org.uk/2016/11/22/a-new-dawn-in-policing-to-prevent-danger-...

and well deserved, however I don;t care how many die in aparticular force area or not, using figures frankly proves not a lot.

One person dead is enough to justify action and just because we allow carnage with other accidents should not mean close passes are not dealt with ! 

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WiznaeMe | 7 years ago
1 like

If anyone attends a public meeting with the police it would be worth asking them if they enforce legislation in respect of litter or dog fouling.  When they reply that they consistently do so, then point out that no danger is caused by these acts yet no assistance is given to vulnerable road users.  Hopefully embarrassment will follow. 

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cdamian | 7 years ago
3 likes

Good article.

Always nice to see some data to counter the "Not enough cyclists dying" argument.

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ktache | 7 years ago
3 likes

So what they are saying is, cyclists lives don't matter.

Can you imagine the resources that would be made available if it were bicycle users who were killing motorists?

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Hugh Davis | 7 years ago
0 likes

The worrying thing is that 11.4% of all KSI's involving  cycles is *really enormous* when you realise how few journeys are actually done by bike (2%?) and how many fewer Kms are travelled by bikes. 

I suspect that the chance of a KSI on a cycle is at last 10 times greater than in a car. Certainly the evidence is supported by the number yof cyclists I know who have had a KSI. 

I wonder how many life changing accidents and deaths these police forces want to watch before they do anything? It's not exactly difficult when the cyclists produces the video evidence is it?

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Hugh Davis | 7 years ago
1 like

The worrying thing is that 11.4% of all KSI's involving  cycles is *really enormous* when you realise how few journeys are actually done by bike (2%?) and how many fewer Kms are travelled by bikes. 

I suspect that the chance of a KSI on a cycle is at last 10 times greater than in a car. Certainly the evidence is supported by the number yof cyclists I know who have had a KSI. 

I wonder how many life changing accidents and deaths these police forces want to watch before they do anything? It's not exactly difficult when the cyclists produces the video evidence is it?

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Sara_H | 7 years ago
4 likes

Very short sighted of SYP. What they are failing to take into account is the impact that dangerous and aggressive driving has on people's willingness to cycle. In short people are afraid of drivers so don't cycle.

I live in Sheffield and was very disappointed by SYP's stance on this. The infrastructure is terrible and so are many of the drivers. I'm very committed to cycling for transport, but eve as an experienced cyclist I choose my routes very carefully. Many of my friends tell me that they'd love to cycle but are too afraid of drivers to do so. 

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therealsmallboy | 7 years ago
4 likes

I live in Sheffield, I ride and race all over the county and out in the Peak District. It's lovely as I'm sure people have seen from the TdF and TdY footage if they haven't had the opportunity to ride here.

The nature of the roads in many places makes passing quite difficult as there are a lot of typical country lanes without markings (I drive here too and take the patient approach, but it is a bit frustrating at times- no excuse of course). The number of times me and my riding mates have nearly been taken out by utterly stupid drivers taking risks with our lives (not theirs) is probably into the hundreds. We get all sorts of numbskull behaviour: shouting, throwing things out of cars, slapping our behind as they pass, "road tax", "single file" etc. Morons. It's commonplace to the point that we are used to it and it has become 'normal'.

The close-pass initiative would help massively here, it's not just about deaths it's about driving dangerously/carelessly and that is something that I see in droves. It's intimidating and completely out of order, people need educating.

Arrest a few of them, fine them and tell them to spread the word to their idiotic friends that it's not acceptable.

Ironically, I commute by bike and rarely find any trouble at commuting times in the city itself- it is the surrounding areas and especially the weekend group rides that are affected in my experience.

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ktache | 7 years ago
0 likes

There is a post from a gentleman called TVL at the end of the discussion from the previous South Yorkshire story, where he links to a ridiculous close pass and describes his treatment by the police force there.  It's worth a watch, just to see the level of bad driving that SYP don't think is worth pursuing.  

 

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handlebarcam | 7 years ago
13 likes

Only a relatively few police officers were on trial for killing 96 people in the Hillsborough disaster through incompetent policing. That didn't stop South Yorkshire Police from spending large amounts out of its budget on their defence, and when that ran out going to the government for more, including 2.1 million pounds on top lawyers for its suspended chief constable alone. But sure, preventing your own citizens from be intimidated and injured by criminally negligent and sometimes violent drivers, that would be a waste of money, if only a few of them are being killed.

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burtthebike replied to handlebarcam | 7 years ago
2 likes

handlebarcam wrote:

Only a relatively few police officers were on trial for killing 96 people in the Hillsborough disaster through incompetent policing. That didn't stop South Yorkshire Police from spending large amounts out of its budget on their defence, and when that ran out going to the government for more, including 2.1 million pounds on top lawyers for its suspended chief constable alone. But sure, preventing your own citizens from be intimidated and injured by criminally negligent and sometimes violent drivers, that would be a waste of money, if only a few of them are being killed.

Quite right.  I suspect that the real problem is that none of the cyclists killed were policemen.

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philhubbard | 7 years ago
3 likes

We have 3 people hit by cars in South Yorkshire in the last year just in my office, that's a sample size of about 50 people. Only once they have had to go to hospital but it still doesn't gel well for the force

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flathunt | 7 years ago
8 likes

"Force said not enough cyclists were dying on the roads"

 

You needn't continue.

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thx1138 replied to flathunt | 7 years ago
0 likes

flathunt wrote:

"Force said not enough cyclists were dying on the roads"

 

You needn't continue.

 

Sounds like they come from the Hampshire school of policing...

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